About: Produced at the height of the pandemic resulting from Covid-19, the largest health and human disease in the last years, this work reflects the effort and dedication of its authors, renowned professionals in their respective fields, who, even though impacted by the threat that shook the world and evidenced our fragility as individuals, They provide the reader with access to a multiplicity of views on the applicability of this Law, with timely analyses that even today highlight its strength, without disregarding, however, its limitations and the constant need for revision and improvement. Highlight: Structured in five parts, this work contains articles that deal with the following themes: I. Reminiscences, bringing together approaches dating back to the beginning of the Law or even historical information that preceded its formulation until its enactment; II. Reminiscences, bringing together approaches that go back to the beginning of the Law or even historical information that preceded its formulation until its promulgation; II. Civil Inquiry and other extra-judicial instruments, which brings extra-jurisdictional alternatives for the resolution of conflicts, as a shortcut to overcoming the excessive formalism of the judicial apparatus; III. Public Civil Action: general theory, which highlights principles, sources, rules, philosophical aspects, terminological aspects, scope, field of coverage, legitimacy etc.; IV. Public Civil Action: practical application, with a collection of experiences on the protection of the environment (natural, artificial, cultural and labor), of the consumer and other diffuse and collective interests; and V. Challenges and Perspectives, which includes considerations on situations faced in the context of the Law and discussion on the paths to collective claims. This is an indispensable work for all professionals and scholars of law, to clarify issues related to the application of Public Civil Action in the defense of values, rights and collective interests.