The new Brazilian Forest Code, which has recently regulated the vegetation cover among us, a cover as extensive as the geopolitical and geo-economical borders of the national territory, was surrounded by great expectations. This volume brings together original studies on most of the articles of the new Code, taking into account the presidential vetoes, as well as Provisional Measure 571, of May 25, 2012. The doubts and quarrels are far from being settled. It doesn’t matter. The material in this volume brings a rich and varied approach to the themes, without concern for ideological positions. Rather, the gathered works are grounded in various branches of Legal Science and other sciences that are necessary to approach the subject in a holistic, systemic, and interdisciplinary way.